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FIRST@NEXTAPREVB FIRSTCNEXTDPREVE FIRSTFNEXTGPREVH FIRSTINEXTJPREVK FIRSTMPREVN FIRSTONEXTQ FIRSTRNEXTSPREVT FIRSTUNEXTVPREVW FIRSTYPREVZ FIRST] FIRST^NEXT` FIRSTaNEXTbPREVc FIRSTdNEXTePREVf FIRSTgNEXThPREVi FIRSTjNEXTkPREVl FIRSTmNEXTnPREVo FIRSTqPREVr FIRSTsNEXTu FIRSTvNEXTwPREVx FIRSTzPREV{ FIRST|NEXT~ FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTPREV FIRSTNEXT FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTPREV FIRSTNEXT FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXT FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXT FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTPREV FIRSTNEXT FIRSTPREV FIRSTNEXT FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRST FIRSTNEXT FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRST PREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTPREV FIRSTNEXT FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTPREV FIRSTNEXT FIRSTNEXT FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTPREV 0Sentences #FH'9 'D,OED0<262,8,Sentences #FH'9 'D,OED~ *Verb to be  A9D  JCHF08267,14,Verb to be  A9D  JCHF~ *Verb to DO  A9D  J9ED08273,18,Verb to DO  A9D  J9ED .Verb to HAVE  A9D  JEDC0<274,19,Verb to HAVE  A9D  JEDCb! Nouns 'D#3E'! 0*280,26,Nouns 'D#3E'! " \Spelling Rules for Plurals BH'9/ %ED'! 'D,E90j283,29,Spelling Rules for Plurals BH'9/ %ED'! 'D,E9# RUncountable Nouns 'D#3E'! 'D:J1'DE9/H/)0`290,35,Uncountable Nouns 'D#3E'! 'D:J1'DE9/H/)$ nDefinite & Indefinite Articles #/H'* 'D*91JA H 'DFC1)v% &Pronouns 'D6E'&1 04294,45,Pronouns 'D6E'&1 X& DObject Pronouns 6E'&1 'DEA9HD (G^' JReflexive Pronouns 6E'&1 'D'F9C'3J)( @Making Questions *CHJF 'D#3&D)0N299,50,Making Questions *CHJF 'D#3&D)f* '3*9E'D'* How 0,315,58,'3*9E'D'* How r+ $some/(96 any/#J 02331,60,some/(96 any/#J , :Making Negative *CHJF 'DFAJ0H332,61,Making Negative *CHJF 'DFAJ d pTENSES 'D#2EF) Present Simple Tense 'DE6'19 'D(3J7 0~309,64,TENSES 'D#2EF) Present Simple Tense 'DE6'19 'D(3J7 6f "TENSES 'D#2EF) 6l "TENSES 'D#2EF) 6m "TENSES 'D#2EF) x  FIRST~  FIRST NEXT  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST PREV  FIRST PREV  FIRST NEXT  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST NEXT PREV  FIRST PREV  FIRSTg  FIRSTh NEXT  FIRST NEXT PREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTPREV FIRSTNEXT FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTPREV FIRSTNEXT FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTPREV FIRSTNEXT FIRSTNEXTPREVa FIRSTbNEXTcPREV1 FIRST2NEXT3PREV4 FIRST5NEXT6PREV7 FIRST9PREV: FIRST;NEXT<PREV= FIRST>NEXT?PREV@ FIRSTANEXTBPREVC FIRSTDNEXTEPREVF FIRSTGNEXTHPREVI FIRSTJNEXTKPREVL FIRSTMNEXTNPREVO FIRSTPNEXTQPREVR FIRSTTPREVU FIRSTVNEXTWPREVX FIRSTYNEXTZPREV[ FIRST\NEXT]PREV^ FIRST_NEXT`PREVa FIRSTbNEXTcPREVd FIRSTfPREVg FIRSTlPREVm2Imperatives 5J:) 'D#E1 0@349,89,Imperatives 5J:) 'D#E1 Fn2Modals 'D#A9'D 'DF'B5) oLComparing Adjectives EB'1F) 'D5A'* 0Z353,93,Comparing Adjectives EB'1F) 'D5A'* u\ English Alphabetic 'D#(,/J) 'D%F,DJ2J) 0h426,2, English Alphabetic 'D#(,/J) 'D%F,DJ2J) {vas& & ..as E+DG E+D (('D6(7) not as& .as DJ3 E+DG E...0358,110,as& & ..as E+DG E+D (('D6(7) not as& .as DJ3 E+DG E... FIRSTNEXTPREV FIRSTNEXTPREVbActive & Passive 'DE(FJ DDE9DHE H 'DE(FJ DDE,GHD0r373,123,Active & Passive 'DE(FJ DDE9DHE H 'DE(FJ DDE,GHD.Prepositions -1HA 'D,10>386,134,Prepositions -1HA 'D,1<Question-Tags 'D#3&D) 'DE0JD)0L397,145,Question-Tags 'D#3&D) 'DE0JD):Conditional  if  DH 'D417J)0J400,148,Conditional  if  DH 'D417J)<Reported Speech 'DCD'E 'DEFBHD0L404,152,Reported Speech 'DCD'E 'DEFBHD\Countries and Nationalities 'D(D/'F H 'D,F3J'*0l425,162,Countries and Nationalities 'D(D/'F H 'D,F3J'*6"TENSES 'D#2EF) 6"TENSES 'D#2EF) 6"TENSES 'D#2EF) 6"TENSES 'D#2EF) n"TENSES 'D#2EF) 00346,86,TENSES 'D#2EF) vTransitive & Intransitive Verbs 'D#A9'D 'DD'2E) H 'D#A9...8Adverbs'D81HA ['D#-H'D] 0H359,109,Adverbs'D81HA ['D#-H'D] >Relative Pronouns 6E'&1 'DH5D0L419,49,Relative Pronouns 6E'&1 'DH5D6"TENSES 'D#2EF) n"TENSES 'D#2EF) 00309,69,TENSES 'D#2EF) :Parts of Speech #B3'E 'DCD'E0F256,4,Parts of Speech #B3'E 'DCD'EF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J)  F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J)  F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) !F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z#F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z%F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z'F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z)F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) +F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z-F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z/F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 1F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z3F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z5F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z7F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z9F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z;F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z=F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z?F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZAF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZCF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZEF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZGF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZIF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZKF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZMF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZOF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZQF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) SF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZUF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZWF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZYF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z[F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z]F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z_F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZaF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) cF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZeF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) gF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) iF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) kF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZmF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) oF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZqF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZsF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZuF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZwF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZyF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z{F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z}F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) ZF Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z!F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z#F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z%F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z'F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z)F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z+F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) Z-F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) /F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 1F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) 0R302,2, Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) NEXTPREVNEXTDCountable Nouns 'D#3E'! 'DE9/H/)0R282,28,Countable Nouns 'D#3E'! 'DE9/H/)PREVNEXT/ 00DTahomags/(0(z[ 0 "DTimes New Roman(0(z[ 0  DWingdingsRoman(0(z[ 0 0DArialngsRoman(0(z[ 0 "@ .  @n?" dd@  @@`` xD4K//      j &////,,()* +n -+.%/?1i2&3 4 586 7 8":0< B.C D.EUF GeH I J GM NO P QRS TJV9W4XZ\;^ _)`a1bc+efAjk lFmoS rlt3unwAxy zy ~1 X)  l [3   #;!^4  "1    58$&+( O.4}Yc7-4 (" 't:Fycq?0' ^  kD 0e0e     A@ A5% ))     ?1 d0u0@Ty2 NP'p<'pA)BCD|E||s " 0e@        @ABC DEEFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abN E5%  N E5%  N F   5%    !"?N@ABC DEFFGHIJK5%LMNOPQRSTUWYZ[ \]^_ `abp3f@8'ybq ʚ;k8ʚ;g4FdFd@z[ 0ppp@ <4ddddl 0/ <4BdBdl< 0Yw0___PPT10 w___PPT9w    ! " # $ % & ' ( * + , d f l m mnou{Br&@.&@.4@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ .@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@&@@@@@@&@&@&@@4@@&@@@@@@@&@H@@&@h@@@@ &@ @@@@@ &@ @@@@@@@@ &@ @@@@@@ &@ &@ &@ ^@@@&@&@&@&@&@&@&@&@@@@&@&@\@@@@&@N@@@&@&@&@t@@@@&@&@&@@@@&@Z@@@&@@@@&@@&@@&@@ &@ @!&@!@"&@"@@@#&@&@4@@$&@$@@@@@@@%&@%t@@@@E&@E@@@J&@J@@@G&@G@@@@@H&@H@@@@@I&@&&@&@@@(&@(`@@@)&@)t@@@@*&@*t@@@@&@:@@&@d@@@@&@d@@@@&@d@@@@&@@&@\@@@@+&@+v@@@@@,&@,v@@@@@-&@-x@@@@@@/&@0&@1&@3&@2&@2@@@@@@@@@;@;@<@<@KZ@@@L&@L@@@@@M&@N&@N4@@5&@5@6&@6V@@@7&@7@8&@8B@9&@9@:&@:D@@=&@=Z@@@B&@B4@@A&@C&@CZ@@@D&@D@@@@O&@O@@@@@@R&@Rj@@@@@P&@PX@@@Q&@Q"@S&@SX@@@T&@T"@U&@U@@@@V&@VX@@@W&@WT@@X&@XX@@@Y&@Y4@@Z&@ZX@@@[&@[4@@\&@\@@@@@@@@]&@]v@@@^&@_&@`&@`@@@@@@&@&@&@&@&@a&@a@@@@@@b&@b@@@@c&@c@@@d&@d`@@e&@e@@@ft@@@@fb@@@g^@@@@@g@@@@@@h^@@@@@h@@@@@@@i^@@@@@i@@@@@@@@j^@@@@@j@@@@@k&@k@@@@l&@l@@@@@m&@m@@@@@n&@n@@@@@@@o&@o @@@@@@@@p&@p@@@@q&@q@@@@r&@r@@@@s&@s@@@@t@@@@@@@tb@@@u@@@u@@@@@v@@@vP@@y@@@yD@@z@@@zD@@{@@@{D@@|@@@|D@@}@@@}D@@~@@@~4@@@@@D@@@@@D@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@f@@@@@@f@@@&@L@@@&@&@@&@j@@@@&@<@@@@@@@@@@@&@*@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@&@&@@@@@@@&@&@&@@&@&@z@@@@@&@&@4@@?  %tRGRAMMAR BH'9/ 'DD:@@@@@@@@@@) 'D%F,DJ2J)@* &6 &6&6 Prepared by: Mulla (2002) May 2002 (version 0) Reference:  Grammar For All Levels By Adnan Naim.a""2"\5.F Main Menu 'DB'&E) 'D1&J3J) L$$$$(English Alphabetic 'D#(,/J) 'D%F,DJ2J) Parts of Speech #B3'E 'DCD'E Sentences #FH'9 'D,OED Verb to BE  A9D  JCHF Verb to DO  A9D  J9ED Verb to HAVE  A9D  JEDC Nouns 'D#3E'! Countable Nouns 'D#3E'! 'DE9/H/) Spelling Rules for Plurals BH'9/ %ED'! 'D,E9 Uncountable Nouns 'D#3E'! 'D:J1 'DE9/H/) Definite & Indefinite Articles #/H'* 'D*91JA H 'DFC1) Pronouns 'D6E'&1 Object Pronouns 6E'&1 'DEA9HD (G Reflexive Pronouns 6E'&1 'D'F9C'3J) Relative Pronouns 6E'&1 'DH5D Making Questions *CHJF 'D#3&D) '3*9E'D'* How some/(96 any/#J Making Negative *CHJF 'DFAJ TENSES 'D#2EF) Present Simple Tense 'DE6'19 'D(3J7 Past Simple Tense 'DE'6J 'D(3J7 Future Simple Tense 'DE3*B(D 'D(3J7 Present Continuous Tense 'DE6'19 'DE3*E1 ^PPPkPwPPF F F  F F F F F F $F$ (F( ,F, 0F0 4F4 8F8 v% U 0w& U 0' U 0U 0( U 0* U 0)+ U 0*<, U 0=ZU 0[nd U 0nf U 0l U 0U 0m U 0  $Past Continuous Tense 'DE'6J 'DE3*E1 Future Continuous Tense 'DE3*B(D 'DE3*E1 Present Perfect Tense 'DE6'19 'D*'E Past Perfect Tense 'DE'6J 'D*'E Future Perfect Tense 'DE3*B(D 'D*'E Present Perfect Continuous 'DE6'19 'D*'E 'DE3*E1 Imperatives 5J:) 'D#E1 Modals 'D#A9'D 'DF'B5) Comparing Adjectives EB'1F) 'D5A'* Adverbs'D81HA 'D#-H'D Active & Passive 'DE(FJ DDE9DHE H 'DE(FJ DDE,GHD Transitive & Intransitive Verbs 'D#A9'D 'DD'2E) H 'D#A9'D 'DE*9/J)... Prepositions -1HA 'D,1 Question-Tags 'D#3&D) 'DE0JD) Conditional  if  DH 'D417J) Reported Speech 'DCD'E 'DEFBHD Countries and Nationalities 'D(D/'F H 'D,F3J'* "F F F  F F F F F  F $F$ (F( ,F, 0F0 4F4 8F8        $$3((,,,,30044388883<<>     FClause & Phrase 'D,ED) H 4(G 'D,ED):$$$$A clause is a combination of words containing a verb and has a complete meaning. 'D,ED) GJ E,EH9) CDE'* *-*HJ 9DI A9D H DG' E9FI *'E. E+'D: I saw the man who was carrying a stick. A phrase is a combination of words forming part of the sentence but without a verb. 4(G 'D,ED) 9('1) 9F E,EH9) CDE'* *CHF ,2!'K EF 'D,ED) (/HF A9D. E+'D: I saw the man carrying a stick. $QP?P*PUPPIP!PP<  33UF  $$((((3,,300P<(U' *Verb to BE  A9D  JCHF: $ $$ It is used as a principal and a helping verb. J3*./E CA9D 1&J3J HE3'9/ : ^.- - *Verb to BE  A9D  JCHF: $ $$ <F3*./E 5J:) 'DE6'19 DD*9(J1 9F 9'/'* #H -B'&B +'(*). F3*./E 5J:) 'DE'6J DD*9(J1 9F 4J! -5D H'F*GI AJ 'DE'6J. :Examples #E+D) I am a pupil. They are boys.l49      33<49Negative Sentences with the verb to BE 'D,ED 'DEFAJ) ('DA9D  JCHF XE&((  '"We make negative statements with the verb to BE by using the word not after the verb to be. FCHF ,ED EFAJ) E9 A9D (JCHF) (H69 CDE) (9/G . (not) T\6B3/\/Making Questions with the verb to BE *CHJF 'D3$'D E9 A9D  JCHF TB$ (% Yes or  No questions and short answers 'D#3&D) ((F9E) H (D') H 'D%,'('* E.*51): 6*+*)*)*Verb to DO  A9D  J9ED: $ $$ It is used as a principal and a helping verb. J3*./E CA9D 1&J3J HA9D E3'9/ : F. - - .Verb to HAVE  A9D  JEDC:$ $$ It is used as a principal and a helping verb. J3*./E CA9D 1&J3J HA9D E3'9/ : P.(-  -(Negative Sentences with verb to HAVE as a main verb 'D,ED 'DEFAJ) E9 A9D  JEDC CA9D 1&J3JZ_%)  0%)Making Questions with the verb to HAVE as a main verb *CHJF 'D3$'D E9 A9D  JEDC CA9D 1&J3J J_6'$$6( lVerb to HAVE as a helping verb A9D  JEDC  CA9D E3'9/Z7  Verb to have is used as a helping verb to form the perfect tense. J3*./E A9D JEDC CA9D E3'9/ DJCHF 2EF 'DE6'19 'D*'E. #E+D): They have lived here for two years. Adel has just finished his work. B;EA$"    3 3  JA" DNegative Sentences with verb to HAVE as a helping verb 'D,ED 'DEFAJ) E9 A9D  JEDC CA9D E3'9/ :`7'7' D*CHJF FAJ E9 A9D JEDC F69 (9/ G0' 'DA9D. #E+D): I have lived here for a long time. I have not lived here for a long time. :L/3 *    3  d KMaking Questions with verb to HAVE as a helping verb *CHJF 'D3$'D E9 A9D  JEDC CA9D E3'9/:]5'5' Yes or  No questions and short answers 'D#3&D) (@ F9E H D' H 'D%,'('* E.*51): D*CHJF 3$'D E9 A9D JEDC CA9D E3'9/ FB/E G0' 'DA9D 9DI 'DA'9D. E+'D: They have lived here for a long time. Have they lived here for a long time? Yes, they have. No, they have not.*ky*k 333!33*kytOther Uses of Verb to HAVE '3*./'E'* #.1I E9 A9D  JEDC J;($$To express necessity in the present and past have to, has to, had to. DJ9(1 9F 'D61H1) AJ 'DE6'19 H 'DE'6J. E+'D: I have to leave now. ____________________________________________________ With some model auxiliaries. E9 (96 'D#A9'D 'DF'B5). E+'D: You had better see a doctor. ____________________________________________________ To show that something is caused by another person. DJ(JF #F 4J&'K E' -5D (H'37) 4.5 '.1. E+'D: I have my shoes cleaned every week. FZ-ZJZZZRZ4Z-Z$ZZ-- 3  5 3D4-    3  3    3  rF-R %Nouns 'D#3E'! :Nouns are words we use to name: 'D#3E'! GJ 'DCDE'* 'D*J F3*./EG' D0C1 : '3E  9DE  4.5  4J!  EC'F  #AC'1  49H1. V UT T~Countable & Uncountable Nouns 'D#3E'! 'DE9/H/) H :J1 'DE9/H/):@ !  ! Countable Nouns: are things that be counted as one, two, three, and so on. 'D#3E'! 'DE9/H/): GJ 'D#4J'! 'D*J JECF 9/G' (@ H'-/  '+F'F  +D'+) HGC0'. Uncountable Nouns: cannot be counted. 'D#3E'! 'D:J1 E9/H/): GJ 'D*J D' JECF 9/G' #J D' JECF H69 1BE B(DG'. KK'F< 9   0  dLL'+ DCountable Nouns 'D#3E'! 'DE9/H/):#$$$These nouns have singular and plural forms. G0G 'D#3E'! DG' 5J: EA1/) H ,E9. Before singular countable nouns you can use a/an. B(D 'D#3E'! 'DEA1/) 'DE9/H/) *3*7J9 '3*./'E . You cannot use singular countable nouns alone without words such as: a, an, one, my, your, his, etc. D' F3*7J9 '3*./'E #3E'! EA1/) E9/H/) (EA1/G' (/HF 'DCDE'* 'D3'(B). ,P!P3P;PGP PCPP+",3;    fB^+#2, fB!\Spelling Rules for Plurals BH'9/ %ED'! 'D,E9:/$$$We form plurals of most nouns by adding  s to the singular noun. FCHQF 'D,E9 EF E98E 'D#3E'! (%6'A) DD'3E 'DEA1/.  s y(3"  3 33D30B""\Spelling Rules for Plurals BH'9/ %ED'! 'D,E9:/$$$-@@@@@@@@@'D'* .'5@@@@@@@@@@@@@@) 'D#3E'! 'D*J *F*GJ ('D-1HA F6JA DG'@"@" ?a#\Spelling Rules for Plurals BH'9/ %ED'! 'D,E9:/$$$-@@@@@@@@@'D'* .'5@@@@@@@@@@@@@@) 'D#3E'! 'D*J *F*GJ (-1A H3(BG -1A 3'CF  *-0A HF6JA@"?" >`$\Spelling Rules for Plurals BH'9/ %ED'! 'D,E9:/$$$-@@@@@@@@@'D'* .'5@@@@@@@@@@@@@@) 'D#3E'! 'D*J *F*GJ (-1A H3(BG -1A 3'CF  F6JA@"3" 2T% \Spelling Rules for Plurals BH'9/ %ED'! 'D,E9:/$$$-@@@@@@@@@'D'* .'5@@@@@@@@@@@@@@) 'D#3E'! 'D*J *F*GJ (-1A #H F-HDG' %DI -1A  HF6JA@"G" Fh&!\Spelling Rules for Plurals BH'9/ %ED'! 'D,E9:/$$$t-@@@@@@@@@'D'* .'5@@@@@@@@@@@@@@) GF'C (96 'D#3E'! 'D4'0):D"ZZ" :("TUncountable Nouns 'D#3E'! 'D:J1 'DE9/H/):+$$$Uncountable nouns cannot be counted. GJ 'D*J D' ,E9 DG' (%6'A) #E+D@@@@@@): salt, coffee, tea, food, meat, gold, music, blood. D' *3*7J9 '3*./'E #H B(D 'D#3E'! 'D:J1 'DE9/H/) %Z(Z3ZIZZ$ 1          0$(4I)#TUncountable Nouns 'D#3E'! 'D:J1 'DE9/H/):+$$$'TUncountable Nouns 'D#3E'! 'D:J1 'DE9/H/):+$$$R,EJ9 'D#3E'! 'D:J1 'DE9/H/) *9'ED E9'ED) 'DEA1/. #E+D): Coffee is a traditional drink in Saudi Arabia. Milk has many minerals. H DCF DH H69* CDE'* */D 9DI 'DCEJ) B(D 'D'3E 'D:J1 E9/H/ A#FG J9'ED E9'ED) 'D,E9. Two cups of tea are not enough for me. Five liters of oil do not operate this machine.8HSW83+3R    3'    3  (8IRW*$nDefinite & Indefinite Articles #/H'* 'D*91JA H 'DFC1):8$$$a/an are used as indefinite articles. *3*./E'F C#/H'* FC1). The is used as definite articles. *3*./E C#/') DD*91JA. We put  a before a noun starting with a constant sound. F69 B(D 'D#3E'! 'D*J *(/# (-1A 3'CF. We put  an before a noun starting with a vowel sound. F69 B(D 'D#3E'! 'D*J *(/# (-1A E*-1C. wPP9P*P8P/P33!B B  B F3F3BBBBB B  F 30 B +$B$(B((F(3-(B(+,B,0B04B44B488!9+7++%XIndefinite Articles  a &  an #/H'* 'DFC1):-$$$We put  a before a noun starting with a constant sound. F69 B(D 'D#3E'! 'D*J *(/# (-1A 3'CF. We put  an before a noun starting with a vowel sound. F69 B(D 'D#3E'! 'D*J *(/# (-1A E*-1C. 'D-1HA 'DE*-1C) : Vowels a  e  i  o - u9P*P8P,PPPP30+3-*     X9+7*KEXIndefinite Articles  a &  an #/H'* 'DFC1):-$$$We use a/an:  ZZZZZZZ$$3$$    0 PJXIndefinite Articles  a &  an #/H'* 'DFC1):-$$$We DO NOT use a/an: ZZZZZZZ$$$$3$$    0MG\The Definite Article  The #/H'* 'D*91JA  #D :/$$$The is used before: *3*./E #/') 'D*91JA  #D B(D: ,ZPPPPPPPPF3BB(BB B BBB  $$((((lDNH\The Definite Article  The #/H'* 'D*91JA  #D :/$$$The is used before: *3*./E #/') 'D*91JA  #D B(D: ,ZPPPPPPPPF3BB(BB B BBB  $$((((lDOI\The Definite Article  The #/H'* 'D*91JA  #D :/$$$ ,&&Pronouns 'D6E'&1 0   A pronoun replaces a noun . 'D6EJ1 J-D E-D 'D'3E fFZZZ1  01.(&Pronouns 'D6E'&1 0   We use a pronouns instead of a noun when it is clear who or what we are talking about . F3*./E 'D6EJ1 (/D' EF 'D'3E 9F/E' FCHF 9DI 9DE E9 EF #H 9F #J 4J! F*-/+. Examples #E+D) Ali is a good student. He passes all his tests. X " J " EXI    3RXC 1/)DObject Pronouns 6E'&1 'DEA9HD (G:#$$$hWe use an object pronoun F3*./E 6EJ1 'DEA9HD (G . After a preposition. (9/ -1HA 'D,1 After to and for with verbs like make, give, send, lend, pass, take, show. "9&N    33(3,,  0P V0*JReflexive Pronouns 6E'&1 'D'F9C'3J):&   6Reflexive pronouns are used: F3*./E 6E'&1'D%F9C'3J). for emphasize DD*#CJ/ With some special expressions E9 (96 'D*9'(J1 'D.'5) =8   #,,  0  #>Relative Pronouns 6E'&1 'DH5D: $ $$ The relative pronouns are used to join sentences together. *3*./E 6E'&1 'DH5D D1(7 'D,ED (96G' ((96. H D1(7 'D,ED '*(9 'D.7H'* 'D"*J): 1- F(-+ 9F CDE) E*C11) AJ 'D,ED) 'D+'FJ) +E F(-+ 9F EHB9G'. A%0' C'F* A'9D'K 9'BD'K F3*9ED H%0' C'F* EA9HD'K (G 9'BD'K F3*9ED H F91A 0DC (H,H/ 'DCDE) (9/ 'DA9D. H %0' C'F* :J1 9'BD F3*9ED . #E' A*3*./E (/D #J CDE) EF 'DCDE'* 'D3'(B) %D' #FF' D' FA6D '3*9E'DG' AJ ,EJ9 'D,ED. H %0' C'F* DDEDCJ) F3*9ED CDE) . 2- '-0A 'DCDE) 'DE*C11) EF 'D,ED) 'D+'FJ) H69 'D'3E 'D0J -0A* E+DG AJ 'D,ED) 'D#HDI. d; " P " PP;  (;>Relative Pronouns 6E'&1 'DH5D: $ $$ *3*./E D*-D E-D 'DA'9D 'D9'BD H 7(9'K F91A 'DA'9D (H,H/G #HD 'D,ED). D'-8 'DE+'D 'D*'DJ: Here is the man. The man is a doctor. F-0A CDE) EF 'D,ED) 'D+'FJ) H F69 (/D'K EFG' +E F69 'D,ED) 'D+'FJ) (9/ 'DCDE) 'D*J -0AF' E+DG' AJ 'D,ED) 'D#HDI A*5(-: Here is the man who is a doctor. #E+D): 1) The man came here. The man was a doctor. The man who was here is a doctor 2) My friend swims well. He lives here. My friend who lives here swims well.,b " P' " P " P" " PPPb'3        7IHb'">Relative Pronouns 6E'&1 'DH5D: $ $$ .*3*9ED D*-D E-D 'DEA9HD (G 'D9'BD H 7(9'K F91A 'DEA9HD (G (H,H/G (9/ 'DA9D. D'-8 'DE+'D 'D*'DJ: The man came here. I visited him. F-0A CDE) EF 'D,ED) 'D+'FJ) +E F69 #HD 'D,ED) 'D+'FJ)  HF69 'D'3E 'DEH5HD H 'D,ED) 'D+'FJ) (9/ 'DCDE) 'D*J -0AF' E+DG' ('D*J J9H/ %DJG' 'D6EJ1) A*5(-: The man whom I visited came here. #E+D): 1) The man was working with me. I paid him. The man whom I paid was working with me. 2) This is the girl. You gave her a flower. This is the girl whom you gave a flower.,l " P# " P " P# " PPPl#3        7\Hl##>Relative Pronouns 6E'&1 'DH5D: $ $$ *3*9ED D*-D E-D 'DA'9D #H 'DEA9HD 'D:J1 9'BD H 7(9'K F91A 'DA'9D (H,H/G #HD 'D,ED) #E' 'DEA9HD (G AJH,/ (9/ 'DA9D. D'-8 'DE+'D 'D*'DJ: He found his book. He lost it yesterday. F1I #F CDE) *9H/ 9DI CDE) AF-0AG' H F69 (/D'K EFG' AJ #HD 'D,ED) 'D+'FJ) +E F69 'D'3E 'DEH5HD H 'D,ED) 'D+'FJ) (9/ 'DCDE) 'D*J -0AF' E+DG' ('D*J J9H/ %DJG' 'D6EJ1) A*5(-: He found his book which he lost yesterday. #E+D): 1) This is the house. I live in it. This is the house which I live in. 2) This book is cheap. It is very useful. This book which is very useful is cheap., " P+ " P " P, " PPP+3        8CH+,